package org.djunits.quantity;
   
   import org.djunits.quantity.def.Quantity;
   import org.djunits.unit.AbstractUnit;
   import org.djunits.unit.UnitRuntimeException;
   import org.djunits.unit.Unitless;
   import org.djunits.unit.Units;
   import org.djunits.unit.scale.LinearScale;
   import org.djunits.unit.scale.Scale;
  import org.djunits.unit.si.SIUnit;
  import org.djunits.unit.system.UnitSystem;
  
  /**
   * Energy is a physical quantity representing the capacity to do work, measured in joules (J).
   * <p>
   * Copyright (c) 2025-2026 Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, the Netherlands. All rights reserved. See
   * for project information <a href="https://djunits.org" target="_blank">https://djunits.org</a>. The DJUNITS project is
   * distributed under a <a href="https://djunits.org/docs/license.html" target="_blank">three-clause BSD-style license</a>.
   * @author Alexander Verbraeck
   */
  public class Energy extends Quantity<Energy>
  {
      /** Constant with value zero. */
      public static final Energy ZERO = ofSi(0.0);
  
      /** Constant with value one. */
      public static final Energy ONE = ofSi(1.0);
  
      /** Constant with value NaN. */
      @SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:constantname")
      public static final Energy NaN = ofSi(Double.NaN);
  
      /** Constant with value POSITIVE_INFINITY. */
      public static final Energy POSITIVE_INFINITY = ofSi(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
  
      /** Constant with value NEGATIVE_INFINITY. */
      public static final Energy NEGATIVE_INFINITY = ofSi(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
  
      /** Constant with value MAX_VALUE. */
      public static final Energy POS_MAXVALUE = ofSi(Double.MAX_VALUE);
  
      /** Constant with value -MAX_VALUE. */
      public static final Energy NEG_MAXVALUE = ofSi(-Double.MAX_VALUE);
  
      /** */
      private static final long serialVersionUID = 600L;
  
      /**
       * Instantiate a Energy quantity with a unit.
       * @param valueInUnit the value, expressed in the unit
       * @param unit the unit in which the value is expressed
       */
      public Energy(final double valueInUnit, final Energy.Unit unit)
      {
          super(valueInUnit, unit);
      }
  
      /**
       * Return a Energy instance based on an SI value.
       * @param si the si value
       * @return the Energy instance based on an SI value
       */
      public static Energy ofSi(final double si)
      {
          return new Energy(si, Energy.Unit.SI);
      }
  
      @Override
      public Energy instantiateSi(final double si)
      {
          return ofSi(si);
      }
  
      @Override
      public SIUnit siUnit()
      {
          return Energy.Unit.SI_UNIT;
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns a Energy representation of a textual representation of a value with a unit. The String representation that can be
       * parsed is the double value in the unit, followed by a localized or English abbreviation of the unit. Spaces are allowed,
       * but not required, between the value and the unit.
       * @param text the textual representation to parse into a Energy
       * @return the Scalar representation of the value in its unit
       * @throws IllegalArgumentException when the text cannot be parsed
       * @throws NullPointerException when the text argument is null
       */
      public static Energy valueOf(final String text)
      {
          return Quantity.valueOf(text, ZERO);
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns a Energy based on a value and the textual representation of the unit, which can be localized.
       * @param valueInUnit the value, expressed in the unit as given by unitString
       * @param unitString the textual representation of the unit
       * @return the Scalar representation of the value in its unit
       * @throws IllegalArgumentException when the unit cannot be parsed or is incorrect
      * @throws NullPointerException when the unitString argument is null
      */
     public static Energy of(final double valueInUnit, final String unitString)
     {
         return Quantity.of(valueInUnit, unitString, ZERO);
     }
 
     @Override
     public Energy.Unit getDisplayUnit()
     {
         return (Energy.Unit) super.getDisplayUnit();
     }
 
     /**
      * Calculate the division of Energy and Energy, which results in a Dimensionless quantity.
      * @param v quantity
      * @return quantity as a division of Energy and Energy
      */
     public final Dimensionless divide(final Energy v)
     {
         return new Dimensionless(this.si() / v.si(), Unitless.BASE);
     }
 
     /**
      * Calculate the division of Energy and Force, which results in a Length scalar.
      * @param v scalar
      * @return scalar as a division of Energy and Force
      */
     public final Length divide(final Force v)
     {
         return new Length(this.si() / v.si(), Length.Unit.SI);
     }
 
     /**
      * Calculate the division of Energy and Length, which results in a Force scalar.
      * @param v scalar
      * @return scalar as a division of Energy and Length
      */
     public final Force divide(final Length v)
     {
         return new Force(this.si() / v.si(), Force.Unit.SI);
     }
 
     /**
      * Calculate the multiplication of Energy and LinearDensity, which results in a Force scalar.
      * @param v scalar
      * @return scalar as a multiplication of Energy and LinearDensity
      */
     public final Force multiply(final LinearObjectDensity v)
     {
         return new Force(this.si() * v.si(), Force.Unit.SI);
     }
 
     /**
      * Calculate the division of Energy and Duration, which results in a Power scalar.
      * @param v scalar
      * @return scalar as a division of Energy and Duration
      */
     public final Power divide(final Duration v)
     {
         return new Power(this.si() / v.si(), Power.Unit.SI);
     }
 
     /**
      * Calculate the division of Energy and Power, which results in a Duration scalar.
      * @param v scalar
      * @return scalar as a division of Energy and Power
      */
     public final Duration divide(final Power v)
     {
         return new Duration(this.si() / v.si(), Duration.Unit.SI);
     }
 
     /**
      * Calculate the division of Energy and Volume, which results in a Pressure scalar.
      * @param v scalar
      * @return scalar as a division of Energy and Volume
      */
     public final Pressure divide(final Volume v)
     {
         return new Pressure(this.si() / v.si(), Pressure.Unit.SI);
     }
 
     /**
      * Calculate the division of Energy and Pressure, which results in a Volume scalar.
      * @param v scalar
      * @return scalar as a division of Energy and Pressure
      */
     public final Volume divide(final Pressure v)
     {
         return new Volume(this.si() / v.si(), Volume.Unit.SI);
     }
 
     /**
      * Calculate the multiplication of Energy and Frequency, which results in a Power scalar.
      * @param v scalar
      * @return scalar as a multiplication of Energy and Frequency
      */
     public final Power multiply(final Frequency v)
     {
         return new Power(this.si() * v.si(), Power.Unit.SI);
     }
 
     /**
      * Calculate the division of Energy and Speed, which results in a Momentum scalar.
      * @param v scalar
      * @return scalar as a division of Energy and Speed
      */
     public final Momentum divide(final Speed v)
     {
         return new Momentum(this.si() / v.si(), Momentum.Unit.SI);
     }
 
     /**
      * Calculate the division of Energy and Momentum, which results in a Speed scalar.
      * @param v scalar
      * @return scalar as a division of Energy and Momentum
      */
     public final Speed divide(final Momentum v)
     {
         return new Speed(this.si() / v.si(), Speed.Unit.SI);
     }
 
     /******************************************************************************************************/
     /********************************************** UNIT CLASS ********************************************/
     /******************************************************************************************************/
 
     /**
      * Energy.Unit encodes the units of energy.
      * <p>
      * Copyright (c) 2025-2026 Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, the Netherlands. All rights reserved.
      * See for project information <a href="https://djunits.org" target="_blank">https://djunits.org</a>. The DJUNITS project is
      * distributed under a <a href="https://djunits.org/docs/license.html" target="_blank">three-clause BSD-style license</a>.
      * @author Alexander Verbraeck
      */
     @SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:constantname")
     public static class Unit extends AbstractUnit<Energy.Unit, Energy>
     {
         /** The dimensions of energy: kgm2/s2. */
         public static final SIUnit SI_UNIT = SIUnit.of("kgm2/s2");
 
         /** Joule. */
         public static final Energy.Unit J = new Energy.Unit("J", "joule", 1.0, UnitSystem.SI_DERIVED);
 
         /** The SI or BASE unit. */
         public static final Energy.Unit SI = J.generateSiPrefixes(false, false);
 
         /** microjoule. */
         public static final Energy.Unit muJ = Units.resolve(Energy.Unit.class, "muJ");
 
         /** millijoule. */
         public static final Energy.Unit mJ = Units.resolve(Energy.Unit.class, "mJ");
 
         /** kilojoule. */
         public static final Energy.Unit kJ = Units.resolve(Energy.Unit.class, "kJ");
 
         /** megajoule. */
         public static final Energy.Unit MJ = Units.resolve(Energy.Unit.class, "MJ");
 
         /** gigajoule. */
         public static final Energy.Unit GJ = Units.resolve(Energy.Unit.class, "GJ");
 
         /** terajoule. */
         public static final Energy.Unit TJ = Units.resolve(Energy.Unit.class, "TJ");
 
         /** petajoule. */
         public static final Energy.Unit PJ = Units.resolve(Energy.Unit.class, "PJ");
 
         /** foot-pound force. */
         public static final Energy.Unit ft_lbf = J.deriveUnit("ft.lbf", "foot pound-force",
                 Length.Unit.CONST_FT * Mass.Unit.CONST_LB * Acceleration.Unit.CONST_GRAVITY, UnitSystem.IMPERIAL);
 
         /** inch-pound force. */
         public static final Energy.Unit in_lbf = J.deriveUnit("in.lbf", "inch pound-force",
                 Length.Unit.CONST_IN * Mass.Unit.CONST_LB * Acceleration.Unit.CONST_GRAVITY, UnitSystem.IMPERIAL);
 
         /** British thermal unit (ISO). */
         public static final Energy.Unit BTU_ISO =
                 J.deriveUnit("BTU(ISO)", "British thermal unit (ISO)", 1.0545E3, UnitSystem.IMPERIAL);
 
         /** British thermal unit (International Table). */
         public static final Energy.Unit BTU_IT =
                 J.deriveUnit("BTU(IT)", "British thermal unit (Int. Table)", 1.05505585262E3, UnitSystem.IMPERIAL);
 
         /** calorie (International Table). */
         public static final Energy.Unit cal_IT = J.deriveUnit("cal(IT)", "calorie (Int. Table)", 4.1868, UnitSystem.IMPERIAL);
 
         /** calorie. */
         public static final Energy.Unit cal = J.deriveUnit("cal", "calorie", 4.184, UnitSystem.OTHER);
 
         /** kilocalorie. */
         public static final Energy.Unit kcal = cal.deriveUnit("kcal", "kilocalorie", 1000.0, UnitSystem.OTHER);
 
         /** watt hour. */
         public static final Energy.Unit Wh = new Energy.Unit("Wh", "watt hour", 3600.0, UnitSystem.SI_DERIVED);
 
         /** microwatt hour. */
         public static final Energy.Unit muWh = Wh.deriveUnit("muWh", "\u03BCWh", "microwatt hour", 1E-6, UnitSystem.SI_DERIVED);
 
         /** milliwatt hour. */
         public static final Energy.Unit mWh = Wh.deriveUnit("mWh", "milliwatt hour", 1E-3, UnitSystem.SI_DERIVED);
 
         /** kilowatt hour. */
         public static final Energy.Unit kWh = Wh.deriveUnit("kWh", "kilowatt hour", 1E3, UnitSystem.SI_DERIVED);
 
         /** megawatt hour. */
         public static final Energy.Unit MWh = Wh.deriveUnit("MWh", "megawatt hour", 1E6, UnitSystem.SI_DERIVED);
 
         /** gigawatt hour. */
         public static final Energy.Unit GWh = Wh.deriveUnit("GWh", "gigawatt hour", 1E9, UnitSystem.SI_DERIVED);
 
         /** terawatt hour. */
         public static final Energy.Unit TWh = Wh.deriveUnit("TWh", "terawatt hour", 1E12, UnitSystem.SI_DERIVED);
 
         /** petawatt hour. */
         public static final Energy.Unit PWh = Wh.deriveUnit("PWh", "petawatt hour", 1E15, UnitSystem.SI_DERIVED);
 
         /** electronvolt. */
         public static final Energy.Unit eV = new Energy.Unit("eV", "electronvolt", 1.602176634E-19, UnitSystem.SI_ACCEPTED);
 
         /** kilo-electronvolt. */
         public static final Energy.Unit keV = eV.deriveUnit("keV", "kiloelectronvolt", 1E3, UnitSystem.SI_ACCEPTED);
 
         /** mega-electronvolt. */
         public static final Energy.Unit MeV = eV.deriveUnit("MeV", "megaelectronvolt", 1E6, UnitSystem.SI_ACCEPTED);
 
         /** giga-electronvolt. */
         public static final Energy.Unit GeV = eV.deriveUnit("GeV", "gigaelectronvolt", 1E9, UnitSystem.SI_ACCEPTED);
 
         /** sthene-meter (mts). */
         public static final Energy.Unit sn_m = J.deriveUnit("sn.m", "sthene meter", 1000.0, UnitSystem.MTS);
 
         /** erg (cgs). */
         public static final Energy.Unit erg = J.deriveUnit("erg", "erg", 1.0E-7, UnitSystem.CGS);
 
         /**
          * Create a new Energy unit.
          * @param id the id or main abbreviation of the unit
          * @param name the full name of the unit
          * @param scaleFactorToBaseUnit the scale factor of the unit to convert it TO the base (SI) unit
          * @param unitSystem the unit system such as SI or IMPERIAL
          */
         public Unit(final String id, final String name, final double scaleFactorToBaseUnit, final UnitSystem unitSystem)
         {
             super(id, name, new LinearScale(scaleFactorToBaseUnit), unitSystem);
         }
 
         /**
          * Return a derived unit for this unit, with textual abbreviation(s) and a display abbreviation.
          * @param textualAbbreviation the textual abbreviation of the unit, which doubles as the id
          * @param displayAbbreviation the display abbreviation of the unit
          * @param name the full name of the unit
          * @param scale the scale to use to convert between this unit and the standard (e.g., SI, BASE) unit
          * @param unitSystem unit system, e.g. SI or Imperial
          */
         public Unit(final String textualAbbreviation, final String displayAbbreviation, final String name, final Scale scale,
                 final UnitSystem unitSystem)
         {
             super(textualAbbreviation, displayAbbreviation, name, scale, unitSystem);
         }
 
         @Override
         public SIUnit siUnit()
         {
             return SI_UNIT;
         }
 
         @Override
         public Unit getBaseUnit()
         {
             return SI;
         }
 
         @Override
         public Energy ofSi(final double si)
         {
             return Energy.ofSi(si);
         }
 
         @Override
         public Unit deriveUnit(final String textualAbbreviation, final String displayAbbreviation, final String name,
                 final double scaleFactor, final UnitSystem unitSystem)
         {
             if (getScale() instanceof LinearScale ls)
             {
                 return new Energy.Unit(textualAbbreviation, displayAbbreviation, name,
                         new LinearScale(ls.getScaleFactorToBaseUnit() * scaleFactor), unitSystem);
             }
             throw new UnitRuntimeException("Only possible to derive a unit from a unit with a linear scale");
         }
 
     }
 }