DoubleVectorData.instantiate(getDiagonalSI(), getDisplayUnit().getStandardUnit().getScale(), getStorageType());
        return instantiateVector(dvd, getDisplayUnit());
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override
    public S[] getRowScalars(final int row) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
    {
        checkRowIndex(row);
        S[] array = (S[]) Array.newInstance(getScalarClass(), cols());
        for (int col = 0; col < cols(); col++)
        {
            array[col] = get(row, col);
        }
        return array;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override
    public S[] getColumnScalars(final int col) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
    {
        checkColumnIndex(col);
        S[] array = (S[]) Array.newInstance(getScalarClass(), rows());
        for (int row = 0; row < rows(); row++)
        {
            array[row] = get(row, col);
        }
        return array;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override
    public S[] getDiagonalScalars() throws ValueRuntimeException
    {
        checkSquare();
        S[] array = (S[]) Array.newInstance(getScalarClass(), rows());
        for (int row = 0; row < rows(); row++)
        {
            array[row] = get(row, row);
        }
        return array;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override
    public M toSparse()
    {
        M result;
        if (getStorageType().equals(StorageType.SPARSE))
        {
            result = (M) this;
            result.setDisplayUnit(getDisplayUnit());
        }
        else
        {
            result = instantiateMatrix(this.data.toSparse(), getDisplayUnit());
        }
        result.setDisplayUnit(getDisplayUnit());
        return result;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override
    public M toDense()
    {
        M result;
        if (getStorageType().equals(StorageType.DENSE))
        {
            result = (M) this;
            result.setDisplayUnit(getDisplayUnit());
        }
        else
        {
            result = instantiateMatrix(this.data.toDense(), getDisplayUnit());
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Execute a function on a cell by cell basis. Note: May be expensive when used on sparse data.
     * @param doubleFunction DoubleFunction; the function to apply
     * @return M; this updated matrix
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public final M assign(final DoubleFunction doubleFunction)

double d = ValueUtil.expressAsUnit(getSI(), displayUnit);
        buf.append(Format.format(d));
        if (withUnit)
        {
            buf.append(" "); // Insert one space as prescribed by SI writing conventions
            buf.append(displayUnit.getLocalizedDisplayAbbreviation());
        }
        return buf.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Format this DoubleScalar in SI unit using prefixes when possible. If the value is too small or too large,
     * e-notation and the plain SI unit are used.
     * @return String; formatted value of this DoubleScalar
     */
    public String toStringSIPrefixed()
    {
        return toStringSIPrefixed(-24, 26);
    }

    /**
     * Format this DoubleScalar in SI unit using prefixes when possible and within the specified size range. If the
     * value is too small or too large, e-notation and the plain SI unit are used.
     * @param smallestPower int; the smallest exponent value that will be written using an SI prefix
     * @param biggestPower int; the largest exponent value that will be written using an SI prefix
     * @return String; formatted value of this DoubleScalar
     */
    public String toStringSIPrefixed(final int smallestPower, final int biggestPower)
    {
        // Override this method for weights, nonlinear units and DimensionLess.
        if (!Double.isFinite(this.si))
        {
            return toString(getDisplayUnit().getStandardUnit());
        }
        // PK: I can't think of an easier way to figure out what the exponent will be; rounding of the mantissa to the available
        // width makes this hard; This feels like an expensive way.
        String check = String.format(this.si >= 0 ? "%10.8E" : "%10.7E", this.si);
        int exponent = Integer.parseInt(check.substring(check.indexOf("E") + 1));
        if (exponent < -24 || exponent < smallestPower || exponent > 24 + 2 || exponent > biggestPower)
        {
            // Out of SI prefix range; do not scale.
            return String.format(this.si >= 0 ? "%10.4E" : "%10.3E", this.si) + " "
                    + getDisplayUnit().getStandardUnit().getId();
        }
        Integer roundedExponent = (int) Math.ceil((exponent - 2.0) / 3) * 3;
        // System.out.print(String.format("exponent=%d; roundedExponent=%d ", exponent, roundedExponent));
        String key =
                SIPrefixes.FACTORS.get(roundedExponent).getDefaultTextualPrefix() + getDisplayUnit().getStandardUnit().getId();
        U displayUnit = getDisplayUnit().getQuantity().getUnitByAbbreviation(key);
        return toString(displayUnit);
    }

    @Override
    public String toTextualString()
    {
        return toTextualString(getDisplayUnit());
    }

    @Override
    public String toTextualString(final U displayUnit)
    {

double d = ValueUtil.expressAsUnit(getSI(row, col), displayUnit);
                    buf.append(" " + Format.format(d));
                }
                catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ve)
                {
                    buf.append(" " + "********************".substring(0, Format.DEFAULTSIZE));
                }
            }
        }
        buf.append("\n");
        if (withUnit)
        {
            buf.append(displayUnit.getLocalizedDisplayAbbreviation());
        }
        return buf.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Check that provided row and column indices are valid.
     * @param row int; the row value to check
     * @param col int; the column value to check
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException when row or column is invalid
     */
    protected final void checkIndex(final int row, final int col) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
    {
        if (row < 0 || row >= rows() || col < 0 || col >= cols())
        {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("index out of range (valid range is 0.." + (rows() - 1) + ", 0.." + (cols() - 1)
                    + ", got " + row + ", " + col + ")");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check that provided row index is valid.
     * @param row int; the row value to check
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException when row is invalid
     */
    protected final void checkRowIndex(final int row) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
    {
        if (row < 0 || row >= rows())
        {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
                    "row index out of range (valid range is 0.." + (rows() - 1) + ", got " + row + ")");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check that provided column index is valid.
     * @param col int; the column value to check
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException when row is invalid
     */
    protected final void checkColumnIndex(final int col) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
    {
        if (col < 0 || col >= cols())
        {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
                    "column index out of range (valid range is 0.." + (cols() - 1) + ", got " + col + ")");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check that the matrix is square.
     * @throws ValueRuntimeException when matrix is not square
     */
    protected final void checkSquare() throws ValueRuntimeException
    {
        Throw.when(rows() != cols(), ValueRuntimeException.class, "Matrix is not square, rows=%d, cols=%d", rows(), cols());
    }

    /**
     * Compute the determinant of the matrix, based on the SI values in the matrix.
     * @return double; the determinant of the matrix
     * @throws ValueRuntimeException when matrix is neither sparse, nor dense, or not square
     */
    public final double determinantSI() throws ValueRuntimeException

return ValueUtil.expressAsUnit(getSI(), targetUnit);
    }

    @Override
    public final boolean lt(final S o)
    {
        return this.getSI() < o.getSI();
    }

    @Override
    public final boolean le(final S o)
    {
        return this.getSI() <= o.getSI();
    }

    @Override
    public final boolean gt(final S o)
    {
        return this.getSI() > o.getSI();
    }

    @Override
    public final boolean ge(final S o)
    {
        return this.getSI() >= o.getSI();
    }

    @Override
    public final boolean eq(final S o)
    {
        return this.getSI() == o.getSI();
    }

    @Override
    public final boolean ne(final S o)
    {
        return this.getSI() != o.getSI();
    }

    @Override
    public final boolean lt0()
    {
        return this.getSI() < 0.0;
    }

    @Override
    public final boolean le0()
    {
        return this.getSI() <= 0.0;
    }

    @Override
    public final boolean gt0()
    {
        return this.getSI() > 0.0;
    }

    @Override
    public final boolean ge0()
    {
        return this.getSI() >= 0.0;
    }

    @Override
    public final boolean eq0()
    {
        return this.getSI() == 0.0;
    }

    @Override
    public final boolean ne0()
    {
        return this.getSI() != 0.0;
    }

    @Override
    public final int compareTo(final S o)
    {
        return Double.compare(this.getSI(), o.getSI());

setSI(index, ValueUtil.expressAsSIUnit(valueInUnit, valueUnit));
    }

    /**
     * Set the scalar value at the specified position.
     * @param index int; the index of the value to set
     * @param value S; the value to set
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException when index out of range (index < 0 or index >= size())
     */
    public void set(final int index, final S value) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
    {
        setSI(index, value.si);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override
    public S[] getScalars()
    {
        S[] array = (S[]) Array.newInstance(getScalarClass(), size());
        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++)
        {
            array[i] = get(i);
        }
        return array;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override
    public V toSparse()
    {
        V result;
        if (getStorageType().equals(StorageType.SPARSE))
        {
            result = (V) this;
            result.setDisplayUnit(getDisplayUnit());
        }
        else
        {
            result = instantiateVector(getData().toSparse(), getDisplayUnit());
        }
        result.setDisplayUnit(getDisplayUnit());
        return result;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override
    public V toDense()
    {
        V result;
        if (getStorageType().equals(StorageType.DENSE))
        {
            result = (V) this;
            result.setDisplayUnit(getDisplayUnit());
        }
        else
        {
            result = instantiateVector(getData().toDense(), getDisplayUnit());
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Execute a function on a cell by cell basis. Note: May be expensive when used on sparse data.
     * @param doubleFunction DoubleFunction; the function to apply
     * @return V; this updated vector
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public final V assign(final DoubleFunction doubleFunction)

DoubleVector<?, ?, ?> other = (DoubleVector<?, ?, ?>) obj;
        if (!getDisplayUnit().getStandardUnit().equals(other.getDisplayUnit().getStandardUnit()))
            return false;
        if (this.data == null)
        {
            if (other.data != null)
                return false;
        }
        else if (!this.data.equals(other.data))
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    /* ============================================================================================ */
    /* =============================== ITERATOR METHODS AND CLASS ================================= */
    /* ============================================================================================ */

    @Override
    public Iterator<S> iterator()
    {
        return new Itr();
    }

    /**
     * The iterator class is loosely based in AbstractList.Itr. It does not throw a ConcurrentModificationException, because the
     * size of the vector does not change. Normal (non-mutable) vectors cannot change their size, nor their content. The only
     * thing for the MutableVector that can change is its content, not its length.
     */
    protected class Itr implements Iterator<S>, Serializable
    {
        /** ... */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 20191018L;

        /** index of next element to return. */
        private int cursor = 0;

        @Override
        public boolean hasNext()
        {
            return this.cursor != size();
        }

        @Override
        public S next()
        {
            if (this.cursor >= size())
            {
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            }
            try
            {
                int i = this.cursor;
                S next = get(i);
                this.cursor = i + 1;
                return next;
            }
            catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException exception)
            {
                throw new RuntimeException(exception);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void remove()
        {
            throw new RuntimeException("Remove function cannot be applied on fixed-size DJUNITS Vector");
        }

        @Override
        public String toString()
        {
            return "Itr [cursor=" + this.cursor + "]";
        }

    }

}

String cloneDefaultTextualAbbreviation = siPrefix.getDefaultTextualPrefix() + clone.getDefaultTextualAbbreviation();

            // Make a builder and set values
            Builder<U> builder = makeBuilder();
            builder.setId(cloneId);
            builder.setName(cloneName);
            builder.setQuantity(this.quantity);
            builder.setSiPrefixes(SIPrefixes.NONE, 1.0);
            builder.setDefaultDisplayAbbreviation(cloneDefaultAbbreviation);
            builder.setDefaultTextualAbbreviation(cloneDefaultTextualAbbreviation);
            builder.setAdditionalAbbreviations(cloneAbbreviations.toArray(new String[cloneAbbreviations.size()]));
            if (getScale() instanceof OffsetLinearScale)
            {
                builder.setScale(new OffsetLinearScale(
                        (siPrefixPower == 1.0 ? siPrefix.getFactor() : Math.pow(siPrefix.getFactor(), siPrefixPower))
                                * ((LinearScale) getScale()).getConversionFactorToStandardUnit(),
                        0.0));
            }
            else
            {
                builder.setScale(new LinearScale(
                        (siPrefixPower == 1.0 ? siPrefix.getFactor() : Math.pow(siPrefix.getFactor(), siPrefixPower))
                                * ((LinearScale) getScale()).getConversionFactorToStandardUnit()));
            }
            builder.setUnitSystem(this.unitSystem); // SI_BASE stays SI_BASE with prefix
            builder.setGenerated(automaticallyGenerated);

            return clone.build(builder);
        }
        catch (CloneNotSupportedException exception)
        {
            throw new UnitRuntimeException(exception);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create a scaled version of this unit with the same unit system but another SI prefix and scale. This method is used for a
     * unit that is explicitly scaled with an SI prefix.
     * @param siPrefix SIPrefix; the prefix for which to scale the unit
     * @param siPrefixPower double; the power factor of the SI prefixes, e.g. 2.0 for square meters and 3.0 for cubic meters.
     * @return a scaled instance of this unit
     * @throws UnitRuntimeException when cloning fails
     */
    public U deriveSI(final SIPrefix siPrefix, final double siPrefixPower)

public abstract R instantiateRel(double value, U unit);

    @Override
    public final R plus(final R increment)
    {
        if (getDisplayUnit().isBaseSIUnit())
        {
            return instantiateRel(this.getSI() + increment.getSI(), getDisplayUnit().getStandardUnit());
        }
        return getDisplayUnit().equals(increment.getDisplayUnit())
                ? instantiateRel(getInUnit() + increment.getInUnit(), getDisplayUnit())
                : instantiateRel(this.getSI() + increment.getSI(), getDisplayUnit().getStandardUnit());
    }

    @Override
    public final R minus(final R decrement)
    {
        if (getDisplayUnit().isBaseSIUnit())
        {
            return instantiateRel(this.getSI() - decrement.getSI(), getDisplayUnit().getStandardUnit());
        }
        return getDisplayUnit().equals(decrement.getDisplayUnit())
                ? instantiateRel(getInUnit() - decrement.getInUnit(), getDisplayUnit())
                : instantiateRel(this.getSI() - decrement.getSI(), getDisplayUnit().getStandardUnit());
    }

    /**
     * Multiply this scalar by another scalar and create a new scalar.
     * @param otherScalar DoubleScalarRel<?, ?>; the value by which this scalar is multiplied
     * @return DoubleScalar<?>; a new scalar instance with correct SI dimensions
     */
    public SIScalar times(final DoubleScalarRel<?, ?> otherScalar)

return assign(DoubleMathFunctions.RINT);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return toString(getDisplayUnit(), false, true);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final U displayUnit)
    {
        return toString(displayUnit, false, true);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final boolean verbose, final boolean withUnit)
    {
        return toString(getDisplayUnit(), verbose, withUnit);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final U displayUnit, final boolean verbose, final boolean withUnit)
    {
        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
        if (verbose)
        {
            String ab = this instanceof Absolute ? "Abs " : "Rel ";
            String ds = this.data.isDense() ? "Dense  " : this.data.isSparse() ? "Sparse " : "?????? ";
            if (isMutable())
            {
                buf.append("Mutable   " + ab + ds);
            }
            else
            {
                buf.append("Immutable " + ab + ds);
            }
        }
        for (int row = 0; row < rows(); row++)
        {
            buf.append("\r\n\t");
            for (int col = 0; col < cols(); col++)
            {
                try
                {

values[i][j] = ValueUtil.expressAsUnit(values[i][j], targetUnit);
            }
        }
        return values;
    }

    @Override
    public int rows()
    {
        return this.data.rows();
    }

    @Override
    public int cols()
    {
        return this.data.cols();
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override
    public S[][] getScalars()
    {
        S[][] array = (S[][]) Array.newInstance(getScalarClass(), rows(), cols());
        for (int i = 0; i < rows(); i++)
        {
            S[] row = (S[]) Array.newInstance(getScalarClass(), cols());
            array[i] = row;
            for (int j = 0; j < cols(); j++)
            {
                row[j] = get(i, j);
            }
        }
        return array;
    }

    @Override
    public S get(final int row, final int column) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
    {
        checkIndex(row, column);
        return DoubleScalar.instantiateSI(getSI(row, column), getDisplayUnit());

return assign(DoubleMathFunctions.RINT);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return toString(getDisplayUnit(), false, true);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final U displayUnit)
    {
        return toString(displayUnit, false, true);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final boolean verbose, final boolean withUnit)
    {
        return toString(getDisplayUnit(), verbose, withUnit);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final U displayUnit, final boolean verbose, final boolean withUnit)
    {
        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
        if (verbose)
        {
            String ar = this instanceof Absolute ? "Abs " : "Rel ";
            String ds = getData().isDense() ? "Dense  " : getData().isSparse() ? "Sparse " : "?????? ";
            if (isMutable())
            {
                buf.append("Mutable   " + ar + ds);
            }
            else
            {
                buf.append("Immutable " + ar + ds);
            }
        }
        buf.append("[");
        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++)
        {
            try
            {

if (!Double.isFinite(this.si))
        {
            return toString(getDisplayUnit().getStandardUnit());
        }
        // PK: I can't think of an easier way to figure out what the exponent will be; rounding of the mantissa to the available
        // width makes this hard; This feels like an expensive way.
        String check = String.format(this.si >= 0 ? "%10.8E" : "%10.7E", this.si);
        int exponent = Integer.parseInt(check.substring(check.indexOf("E") + 1));
        if (exponent < -27 || exponent < smallestPower || exponent > 21 + 2 || exponent > biggestPower)
        {
            // Out of SI prefix range; do not scale.
            return String.format(this.si >= 0 ? "%10.4E" : "%10.3E", this.si) + " "
                    + getDisplayUnit().getStandardUnit().getId();
        }
        Integer roundedExponent = (int) Math.ceil((exponent - 2.0) / 3) * 3 + 3;
        // System.out.print(String.format("exponent=%d; roundedExponent=%d ", exponent, roundedExponent));
        String key = SIPrefixes.FACTORS.get(roundedExponent).getDefaultTextualPrefix() + "g";
        MassUnit displayUnit = getDisplayUnit().getQuantity().getUnitByAbbreviation(key);
        return toString(displayUnit);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the division of Mass and Mass, which results in a Dimensionless scalar.
     * @param v Mass; scalar
     * @return Dimensionless; scalar as a division of Mass and Mass
     */
    public final Dimensionless divide(final Mass v)

matAij[r] = new double[matAij.length];
                int c = 0;
                for (int j = 0; j < mat.length; j++)
                {
                    if (j != col)
                    {
                        matAij[r][c++] = mat[row][j];
                    }
                }
                r++;
            }
            det += sgn * aij * det(matAij);
        }
        return det;
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:designforextension")
    public int hashCode()
    {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = getDisplayUnit().getStandardUnit().hashCode();
        result = prime * result + ((this.data == null) ? 0 : this.data.hashCode());
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings({"checkstyle:designforextension", "checkstyle:needbraces"})
    public boolean equals(final Object obj)
    {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;

protected final void checkSize(final DoubleVector<?, ?, ?> other) throws ValueRuntimeException
    {
        Throw.whenNull(other, "Other vector is null");
        Throw.when(size() != other.size(), ValueRuntimeException.class, "The vectors have different sizes: %d != %d", size(),
                other.size());
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:designforextension")
    public int hashCode()
    {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = getDisplayUnit().getStandardUnit().hashCode();
        result = prime * result + ((this.data == null) ? 0 : this.data.hashCode());
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings({"checkstyle:designforextension", "checkstyle:needbraces"})
    public boolean equals(final Object obj)
    {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;

public final Dimensionless divide(final Energy v)
    {
        return new Dimensionless(this.si / v.si, DimensionlessUnit.SI);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the division of Energy and Force, which results in a Length scalar.
     * @param v Energy; scalar
     * @return Length; scalar as a division of Energy and Force
     */
    public final Length divide(final Force v)
    {
        return new Length(this.si / v.si, LengthUnit.SI);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the division of Energy and Length, which results in a Force scalar.
     * @param v Energy; scalar
     * @return Force; scalar as a division of Energy and Length
     */
    public final Force divide(final Length v)
    {
        return new Force(this.si / v.si, ForceUnit.SI);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the multiplication of Energy and LinearDensity, which results in a Force scalar.
     * @param v Energy; scalar
     * @return Force; scalar as a multiplication of Energy and LinearDensity
     */
    public final Force times(final LinearDensity v)
    {
        return new Force(this.si * v.si, ForceUnit.SI);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the division of Energy and Duration, which results in a Power scalar.
     * @param v Energy; scalar
     * @return Power; scalar as a division of Energy and Duration
     */
    public final Power divide(final Duration v)
    {
        return new Power(this.si / v.si, PowerUnit.SI);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the division of Energy and Power, which results in a Duration scalar.
     * @param v Energy; scalar
     * @return Duration; scalar as a division of Energy and Power
     */
    public final Duration divide(final Power v)
    {
        return new Duration(this.si / v.si, DurationUnit.SI);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the division of Energy and Volume, which results in a Pressure scalar.
     * @param v Energy; scalar
     * @return Pressure; scalar as a division of Energy and Volume
     */
    public final Pressure divide(final Volume v)

public final FloatDimensionless divide(final FloatEnergy v)
    {
        return new FloatDimensionless(this.si / v.si, DimensionlessUnit.SI);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the division of FloatEnergy and FloatForce, which results in a FloatLength scalar.
     * @param v FloatEnergy; scalar
     * @return FloatLength; scalar as a division of FloatEnergy and FloatForce
     */
    public final FloatLength divide(final FloatForce v)
    {
        return new FloatLength(this.si / v.si, LengthUnit.SI);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the division of FloatEnergy and FloatLength, which results in a FloatForce scalar.
     * @param v FloatEnergy; scalar
     * @return FloatForce; scalar as a division of FloatEnergy and FloatLength
     */
    public final FloatForce divide(final FloatLength v)
    {
        return new FloatForce(this.si / v.si, ForceUnit.SI);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the multiplication of FloatEnergy and FloatLinearDensity, which results in a FloatForce scalar.
     * @param v FloatEnergy; scalar
     * @return FloatForce; scalar as a multiplication of FloatEnergy and FloatLinearDensity
     */
    public final FloatForce times(final FloatLinearDensity v)
    {
        return new FloatForce(this.si * v.si, ForceUnit.SI);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the division of FloatEnergy and FloatDuration, which results in a FloatPower scalar.
     * @param v FloatEnergy; scalar
     * @return FloatPower; scalar as a division of FloatEnergy and FloatDuration
     */
    public final FloatPower divide(final FloatDuration v)
    {
        return new FloatPower(this.si / v.si, PowerUnit.SI);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the division of FloatEnergy and FloatPower, which results in a FloatDuration scalar.
     * @param v FloatEnergy; scalar
     * @return FloatDuration; scalar as a division of FloatEnergy and FloatPower
     */
    public final FloatDuration divide(final FloatPower v)
    {
        return new FloatDuration(this.si / v.si, DurationUnit.SI);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the division of FloatEnergy and FloatVolume, which results in a FloatPressure scalar.
     * @param v FloatEnergy; scalar
     * @return FloatPressure; scalar as a division of FloatEnergy and FloatVolume
     */
    public final FloatPressure divide(final FloatVolume v)

protected DoubleVectorAbs(final DoubleVectorData data, final AU unit)
    {
        super(data.copy(), unit);
    }

    @Override
    public AV plus(final RV increment) throws ValueRuntimeException
    {
        return instantiateVector(this.getData().plus(increment.getData()), getDisplayUnit());
    }

    @Override
    public AV minus(final RV decrement) throws ValueRuntimeException
    {
        return instantiateVector(this.getData().minus(decrement.getData()), getDisplayUnit());
    }

    @Override
    public RV minus(final AV decrement) throws ValueRuntimeException
    {
        return instantiateVectorRel(this.getData().minus(decrement.getData()), decrement.getDisplayUnit().getRelativeUnit());
    }

    /**
     * Decrement all values of this vector by the decrement. This only works if this vector is mutable.
     * @param decrement R; the scalar by which to decrement all values
     * @return AV; this modified vector
     * @throws ValueRuntimeException in case this vector is immutable
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public AV decrementBy(final R decrement)
    {
        checkCopyOnWrite();
        assign(DoubleMathFunctions.DEC(decrement.si));

protected static <U extends Unit<U>, S extends DoubleScalar<U, S>> S[][] checkRectangularAndNonNull(
            final S[][] values) throws ValueRuntimeException
    {
        Throw.when(null == values, NullPointerException.class, "Cannot create a matrix from a null Scalar[][]");
        for (int row = 0; row < values.length; row++)
        {
            Throw.when(null == values[row], ValueRuntimeException.class,
                    "Cannot create a matrix from Scalar[][] containing null row(s)");
            Throw.when(values[row].length != values[0].length, ValueRuntimeException.class,
                    "Cannot create a matrix from a jagged Scalar[][]");
            for (int col = 0; col < values[row].length; col++)
            {
                Throw.whenNull(values[row][col], "Cannot create a matrix from Scalar[][] containing null(s)");
            }
        }
        return values;
    }

    /**
     * Check the sizes of this data object and the other data object.
     * @param other DoubleMatrixData; the other data object
     * @throws ValueRuntimeException if matrices have different lengths
     */
    protected void checkSizes(final DoubleMatrixData other) throws ValueRuntimeException

protected DoubleMatrixRel(final DoubleMatrixData data, final U unit)
    {
        super(data.copy(), unit);
    }

    /**
     * Compute the sum of all SI values of this matrix.
     * @return S; the sum of all SI values of this matrix with the same display unit as this matrix
     */
    public final S zSum()
    {
        return instantiateScalarSI(this.data.zSum(), getDisplayUnit());
    }

    @Override
    public final RM plus(final RM rel) throws ValueRuntimeException
    {
        return instantiateMatrix(this.getData().plus(rel.getData()), getDisplayUnit());
    }

    @Override
    public final RM minus(final RM rel) throws ValueRuntimeException
    {
        return instantiateMatrix(this.getData().minus(rel.getData()), getDisplayUnit());
    }

    /**
     * Increment all values of this matrix by the increment. This only works if this matrix is mutable.
     * @param increment S; the scalar by which to increment all values
     * @return RM; this modified matrix
     * @throws ValueRuntimeException in case this matrix is immutable
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public RM incrementBy(final S increment)
    {
        checkCopyOnWrite();
        assign(DoubleMathFunctions.INC(increment.si));

protected DoubleVectorRel(final DoubleVectorData data, final U unit)
    {
        super(data.copy(), unit);
    }

    /**
     * Compute the sum of all SI values of this vector.
     * @return S; the sum of all SI values of this vector with the same display unit as this vector
     */
    public final S zSum()
    {
        return instantiateScalarSI(getData().zSum(), getDisplayUnit());
    }

    @Override
    public final RV plus(final RV rel) throws ValueRuntimeException
    {
        return instantiateVector(this.getData().plus(rel.getData()), getDisplayUnit());
    }

    @Override
    public final RV minus(final RV rel) throws ValueRuntimeException
    {
        return instantiateVector(this.getData().minus(rel.getData()), getDisplayUnit());
    }

    /**
     * Increment all values of this vector by the increment. This only works if the vector is mutable.
     * @param increment S; the scalar by which to increment all values
     * @return RV; this modified vector
     * @throws ValueRuntimeException in case this vector is immutable
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public RV incrementBy(final S increment)
    {
        checkCopyOnWrite();
        assign(DoubleMathFunctions.INC(increment.si));

return (float) this.getSI();
    }

    @Override
    public double doubleValue()
    {
        return this.getSI();
    }

    /**********************************************************************************/
    /********************************* GENERIC METHODS ********************************/
    /**********************************************************************************/

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return toString(getDisplayUnit(), false, true);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final U displayUnit)
    {
        return toString(displayUnit, false, true);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final boolean verbose, final boolean withUnit)
    {
        return toString(getDisplayUnit(), verbose, withUnit);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final U displayUnit, final boolean verbose, final boolean withUnit)
    {
        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
        if (verbose)
        {
            buf.append(this instanceof Absolute ? "Abs " : "Rel ");
        }

protected DoubleMatrixAbs(final DoubleMatrixData data, final AU unit)
    {
        super(data.copy(), unit);
    }

    @Override
    public AM plus(final RM increment) throws ValueRuntimeException
    {
        return instantiateMatrix(this.getData().plus(increment.getData()), getDisplayUnit());
    }

    @Override
    public AM minus(final RM decrement) throws ValueRuntimeException
    {
        return instantiateMatrix(this.getData().minus(decrement.getData()), getDisplayUnit());
    }

    @Override
    public RM minus(final AM decrement) throws ValueRuntimeException
    {
        return instantiateMatrixRel(this.getData().minus(decrement.getData()), decrement.getDisplayUnit().getRelativeUnit());
    }

public abstract A instantiateAbs(double value, AU unit);
    
    @Override
    public final A plus(final R increment)
    {
        AU targetUnit = getDisplayUnit();
        return instantiateAbs(getInUnit() + increment.getInUnit(targetUnit.getRelativeUnit()), targetUnit);
    }

    @Override
    public final A minus(final R decrement)
    {
        AU targetUnit = getDisplayUnit();
        return instantiateAbs(getInUnit() - decrement.getInUnit(targetUnit.getRelativeUnit()), targetUnit);
    }

    @Override
    public final R minus(final A decrement)
    {
        RU targetUnit = getDisplayUnit().getRelativeUnit();
        return instantiateRel(getInUnit() - decrement.getInUnit(getDisplayUnit()), targetUnit);
    }

    /**********************************************************************************/
    /********************************** MATH METHODS **********************************/
    /**********************************************************************************/

    @Override

public abstract class DoubleMatrixAbs<
        AU  extends AbsoluteLinearUnit<AU, RU>, 
        A   extends DoubleScalarAbs<AU, A, RU, R>,
        AV  extends DoubleVectorAbs<AU, A, AV, RU, R, RV>,
        AM  extends DoubleMatrixAbs<AU, A, AV, AM, RU, R, RV, RM>, 
        RU  extends Unit<RU>,
        R   extends DoubleScalarRelWithAbs<AU, A, RU, R>,
        RV  extends DoubleVectorRelWithAbs<AU, A, AV, RU, R, RV>,
        RM  extends DoubleMatrixRelWithAbs<AU, A, AV, AM, RU, R, RV, RM>>
        extends DoubleMatrix<AU, A, AV, AM>

public abstract class FloatMatrixAbs<
        AU  extends AbsoluteLinearUnit<AU, RU>, 
        A   extends FloatScalarAbs<AU, A, RU, R>,
        AV  extends FloatVectorAbs<AU, A, AV, RU, R, RV>,
        AM  extends FloatMatrixAbs<AU, A, AV, AM, RU, R, RV, RM>, 
        RU  extends Unit<RU>,
        R   extends FloatScalarRelWithAbs<AU, A, RU, R>,
        RV  extends FloatVectorRelWithAbs<AU, A, AV, RU, R, RV>,
        RM  extends FloatMatrixRelWithAbs<AU, A, AV, AM, RU, R, RV, RM>>
        extends FloatMatrix<AU, A, AV, AM>

otherIndex++;
                }
                if (value != 0d)
                {
                    if (nonZeroValues >= currentSize)
                    {
                        // increase size of arrays
                        currentSize *= 2;
                        if (currentSize > rows() * cols())
                        {
                            currentSize = rows() * cols();
                        }
                        long[] newNewIndices = new long[currentSize];
                        System.arraycopy(newIndices, 0, newNewIndices, 0, newIndices.length);
                        newIndices = newNewIndices;
                        double[] newNewValues = new double[currentSize];
                        System.arraycopy(newValues, 0, newNewValues, 0, newValues.length);
                        newValues = newNewValues;
                    }
                    newIndices[nonZeroValues] = index;
                    newValues[nonZeroValues] = value;
                    nonZeroValues++;
                }
            }
        }

otherIndex++;
                }
                if (value != 0f)
                {
                    if (nonZeroValues >= currentSize)
                    {
                        // increase size of arrays
                        currentSize *= 2;
                        if (currentSize > rows() * cols())
                        {
                            currentSize = rows() * cols();
                        }
                        long[] newNewIndices = new long[currentSize];
                        System.arraycopy(newIndices, 0, newNewIndices, 0, newIndices.length);
                        newIndices = newNewIndices;
                        float[] newNewValues = new float[currentSize];
                        System.arraycopy(newValues, 0, newNewValues, 0, newValues.length);
                        newValues = newNewValues;
                    }
                    newIndices[nonZeroValues] = index;
                    newValues[nonZeroValues] = value;
                    nonZeroValues++;
                }
            }
        }

double[] vectorSINew = new double[this.vectorSI.length - 1];
                System.arraycopy(this.indices, 0, indicesNew, 0, internalIndex);
                System.arraycopy(this.vectorSI, 0, vectorSINew, 0, internalIndex);
                System.arraycopy(this.indices, internalIndex + 1, indicesNew, internalIndex,
                        this.indices.length - internalIndex - 1);
                System.arraycopy(this.vectorSI, internalIndex + 1, vectorSINew, internalIndex,
                        this.indices.length - internalIndex - 1);
                this.indices = indicesNew;
                this.vectorSI = vectorSINew;
            }
            else
            {
                this.vectorSI[internalIndex] = valueSI;
            }
            return;
        }

double[] matrixSINew = new double[this.matrixSI.length + 1];
        System.arraycopy(this.indices, 0, indicesNew, 0, internalIndex);
        System.arraycopy(this.matrixSI, 0, matrixSINew, 0, internalIndex);
        System.arraycopy(this.indices, internalIndex, indicesNew, internalIndex + 1, this.indices.length - internalIndex);
        System.arraycopy(this.matrixSI, internalIndex, matrixSINew, internalIndex + 1, this.indices.length - internalIndex);
        indicesNew[internalIndex] = index;
        matrixSINew[internalIndex] = valueSI;
        this.indices = indicesNew;
        this.matrixSI = matrixSINew;
    }

    @Override
    public final double[][] getDenseMatrixSI()

double[] vectorSINew = new double[this.vectorSI.length + 1];
        System.arraycopy(this.indices, 0, indicesNew, 0, internalIndex);
        System.arraycopy(this.vectorSI, 0, vectorSINew, 0, internalIndex);
        // System.out.println("arraycopy1 current size is " + this.indices.length + " srcPos=" + internalIndex +
        // ", new size is "
        // + indicesNew.length + " dstPos=" + (internalIndex + 1) + " length=" + (this.indices.length - internalIndex));
        System.arraycopy(this.indices, internalIndex, indicesNew, internalIndex + 1, this.indices.length - internalIndex);
        System.arraycopy(this.vectorSI, internalIndex, vectorSINew, internalIndex + 1, this.indices.length - internalIndex);
        // System.arraycopy(this.indices, internalIndex, indicesNew, internalIndex - 1, this.indices.length - internalIndex);
        // System.arraycopy(this.vectorSI, internalIndex, vectorSINew, internalIndex - 1, this.indices.length - internalIndex);
        indicesNew[internalIndex] = index;
        vectorSINew[internalIndex] = valueSI;
        this.indices = indicesNew;
        this.vectorSI = vectorSINew;
    }

    @Override
    public final double[] getDenseVectorSI()

public final M rint()
    {
        return assign(DoubleMathFunctions.RINT);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return toString(getDisplayUnit(), false, true);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final U displayUnit)
    {
        return toString(displayUnit, false, true);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final boolean verbose, final boolean withUnit)
    {
        return toString(getDisplayUnit(), verbose, withUnit);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final U displayUnit, final boolean verbose, final boolean withUnit)
    {
        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
        if (verbose)
        {
            String ab = this instanceof Absolute ? "Abs " : "Rel ";

public final M rint()
    {
        return assign(FloatMathFunctions.RINT);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return toString(getDisplayUnit(), false, true);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final U displayUnit)
    {
        return toString(displayUnit, false, true);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final boolean verbose, final boolean withUnit)
    {
        return toString(getDisplayUnit(), verbose, withUnit);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final U displayUnit, final boolean verbose, final boolean withUnit)
    {
        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
        if (verbose)
        {
            String ab = this instanceof Absolute ? "Abs " : "Rel ";

}

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:designforextension")
    public int hashCode()
    {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = getDisplayUnit().getStandardUnit().hashCode();
        result = prime * result + ((this.data == null) ? 0 : this.data.hashCode());
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings({"checkstyle:designforextension", "checkstyle:needbraces"})
    public boolean equals(final Object obj)
    {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;

otherIndex++;
                }
                if (value != 0d)
                {
                    if (nonZeroValues >= currentSize)
                    {
                        // increase size of arrays
                        currentSize *= 2;
                        if (currentSize > size())
                        {
                            currentSize = size();
                        }
                        int[] newNewIndices = new int[currentSize];
                        System.arraycopy(newIndices, 0, newNewIndices, 0, newIndices.length);
                        newIndices = newNewIndices;
                        double[] newNewValues = new double[currentSize];
                        System.arraycopy(newValues, 0, newNewValues, 0, newValues.length);
                        newValues = newNewValues;
                    }
                    newIndices[nonZeroValues] = index;
                    newValues[nonZeroValues] = value;
                    nonZeroValues++;
                }
            }
        }

otherIndex++;
                }
                if (value != 0f)
                {
                    if (nonZeroValues >= currentSize)
                    {
                        // increase size of arrays
                        currentSize *= 2;
                        if (currentSize > size())
                        {
                            currentSize = size();
                        }
                        int[] newNewIndices = new int[currentSize];
                        System.arraycopy(newIndices, 0, newNewIndices, 0, newIndices.length);
                        newIndices = newNewIndices;
                        float[] newNewValues = new float[currentSize];
                        System.arraycopy(newValues, 0, newNewValues, 0, newValues.length);
                        newValues = newNewValues;
                    }
                    newIndices[nonZeroValues] = index;
                    newValues[nonZeroValues] = value;
                    nonZeroValues++;
                }
            }
        }

return assign(DoubleMathFunctions.RINT);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return toString(getDisplayUnit(), false, true);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final U displayUnit)
    {
        return toString(displayUnit, false, true);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final boolean verbose, final boolean withUnit)
    {
        return toString(getDisplayUnit(), verbose, withUnit);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final U displayUnit, final boolean verbose, final boolean withUnit)
    {
        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
        if (verbose)
        {
            String ab = this instanceof Absolute ? "Abs " : "Rel ";

return assign(DoubleMathFunctions.RINT);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return toString(getDisplayUnit(), false, true);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final U displayUnit)
    {
        return toString(displayUnit, false, true);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final boolean verbose, final boolean withUnit)
    {
        return toString(getDisplayUnit(), verbose, withUnit);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final U displayUnit, final boolean verbose, final boolean withUnit)
    {
        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
        if (verbose)
        {
            String ar = this instanceof Absolute ? "Abs " : "Rel ";

return assign(DoubleMathFunctions.RINT);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return toString(getDisplayUnit(), false, true);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final U displayUnit)
    {
        return toString(displayUnit, false, true);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final boolean verbose, final boolean withUnit)
    {
        return toString(getDisplayUnit(), verbose, withUnit);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(final U displayUnit, final boolean verbose, final boolean withUnit)
    {
        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
        if (verbose)
        {

protected boolean compareDenseMatrixWithSparseMatrix(final DoubleMatrixDataDense dm, final DoubleMatrixDataSparse sm)
    {
        for (int row = 0; row < dm.rows; row++)
        {
            for (int col = 0; col < dm.cols; col++)
            {
                if (dm.getSI(row, col) != sm.getSI(row, col))
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:needbraces")
    public boolean equals(final Object obj)
    {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (!(obj instanceof DoubleMatrixData))