1 package org.djunits.quantity;
2
3 import org.djunits.quantity.def.Quantity;
4 import org.djunits.unit.AbstractUnit;
5 import org.djunits.unit.UnitRuntimeException;
6 import org.djunits.unit.Unitless;
7 import org.djunits.unit.Units;
8 import org.djunits.unit.scale.LinearScale;
9 import org.djunits.unit.scale.Scale;
10 import org.djunits.unit.si.SIUnit;
11 import org.djunits.unit.system.UnitSystem;
12
13 /**
14 * Mass is the amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms (kg).
15 * <p>
16 * Copyright (c) 2025-2026 Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, the Netherlands. All rights reserved. See
17 * for project information <a href="https://djunits.org" target="_blank">https://djunits.org</a>. The DJUNITS project is
18 * distributed under a <a href="https://djunits.org/docs/license.html" target="_blank">three-clause BSD-style license</a>.
19 * @author Alexander Verbraeck
20 */
21 public class Mass extends Quantity<Mass>
22 {
23 /** Constant with value zero. */
24 public static final Mass ZERO = Mass.ofSi(0.0);
25
26 /** Constant with value one. */
27 public static final Mass ONE = Mass.ofSi(1.0);
28
29 /** Constant with value NaN. */
30 @SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:constantname")
31 public static final Mass NaN = Mass.ofSi(Double.NaN);
32
33 /** Constant with value POSITIVE_INFINITY. */
34 public static final Mass POSITIVE_INFINITY = Mass.ofSi(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
35
36 /** Constant with value NEGATIVE_INFINITY. */
37 public static final Mass NEGATIVE_INFINITY = Mass.ofSi(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
38
39 /** Constant with value MAX_VALUE. */
40 public static final Mass POS_MAXVALUE = Mass.ofSi(Double.MAX_VALUE);
41
42 /** Constant with value -MAX_VALUE. */
43 public static final Mass NEG_MAXVALUE = Mass.ofSi(-Double.MAX_VALUE);
44
45 /** */
46 private static final long serialVersionUID = 600L;
47
48 /**
49 * Instantiate a Mass quantity with a unit.
50 * @param valueInUnit the value, expressed in the unit
51 * @param unit the unit in which the value is expressed
52 */
53 public Mass(final double valueInUnit, final Mass.Unit unit)
54 {
55 super(valueInUnit, unit);
56 }
57
58 /**
59 * Instantiate a Mass quantity with a unit, expressed as a String.
60 * @param valueInUnit the value, expressed in the unit
61 * @param abbreviation the String abbreviation of the unit in which the value is expressed
62 */
63 public Mass(final double valueInUnit, final String abbreviation)
64 {
65 this(valueInUnit, Units.resolve(Mass.Unit.class, abbreviation));
66 }
67
68 /**
69 * Construct Mass quantity.
70 * @param value Scalar from which to construct this instance
71 */
72 public Mass(final Mass value)
73 {
74 super(value.si(), Mass.Unit.SI);
75 setDisplayUnit(value.getDisplayUnit());
76 }
77
78 /**
79 * Return a Mass instance based on an SI value.
80 * @param si the si value
81 * @return the Mass instance based on an SI value
82 */
83 public static Mass ofSi(final double si)
84 {
85 return new Mass(si, Mass.Unit.SI);
86 }
87
88 @Override
89 public Mass instantiateSi(final double si)
90 {
91 return ofSi(si);
92 }
93
94 @Override
95 public SIUnit siUnit()
96 {
97 return Mass.Unit.SI_UNIT;
98 }
99
100 /**
101 * Returns a Mass representation of a textual representation of a value with a unit. The String representation that can be
102 * parsed is the double value in the unit, followed by a localized or English abbreviation of the unit. Spaces are allowed,
103 * but not required, between the value and the unit.
104 * @param text the textual representation to parse into a Mass
105 * @return the Scalar representation of the value in its unit
106 * @throws IllegalArgumentException when the text cannot be parsed
107 * @throws NullPointerException when the text argument is null
108 */
109 public static Mass valueOf(final String text)
110 {
111 return Quantity.valueOf(text, ZERO);
112 }
113
114 /**
115 * Returns a Mass based on a value and the textual representation of the unit, which can be localized.
116 * @param valueInUnit the value, expressed in the unit as given by unitString
117 * @param unitString the textual representation of the unit
118 * @return the Scalar representation of the value in its unit
119 * @throws IllegalArgumentException when the unit cannot be parsed or is incorrect
120 * @throws NullPointerException when the unitString argument is null
121 */
122 public static Mass of(final double valueInUnit, final String unitString)
123 {
124 return Quantity.of(valueInUnit, unitString, ZERO);
125 }
126
127 @Override
128 public Mass.Unit getDisplayUnit()
129 {
130 return (Mass.Unit) super.getDisplayUnit();
131 }
132
133 /**
134 * Calculate the division of Mass and Mass, which results in a Dimensionless quantity.
135 * @param v quantity
136 * @return quantity as a division of Mass and Mass
137 */
138 public final Dimensionless divide(final Mass v)
139 {
140 return new Dimensionless(this.si() / v.si(), Unitless.BASE);
141 }
142
143 /**
144 * Calculate the division of Mass and FlowMass, which results in a Duration scalar.
145 * @param v scalar
146 * @return scalar as a division of Mass and FlowMass
147 */
148 public final Duration divide(final FlowMass v)
149 {
150 return new Duration(this.si() / v.si(), Duration.Unit.SI);
151 }
152
153 /**
154 * Calculate the division of Mass and Duration, which results in a FlowMass scalar.
155 * @param v scalar
156 * @return scalar as a division of Mass and Duration
157 */
158 public final FlowMass divide(final Duration v)
159 {
160 return new FlowMass(this.si() / v.si(), FlowMass.Unit.SI);
161 }
162
163 /**
164 * Calculate the multiplication of Mass and Acceleration, which results in a Force scalar.
165 * @param v scalar
166 * @return scalar as a multiplication of Mass and Acceleration
167 */
168 public final Force multiply(final Acceleration v)
169 {
170 return new Force(this.si() * v.si(), Force.Unit.SI);
171 }
172
173 /**
174 * Calculate the multiplication of Mass and Frequency, which results in a FlowMass scalar.
175 * @param v scalar
176 * @return scalar as a multiplication of Mass and Frequency
177 */
178 public final FlowMass multiply(final Frequency v)
179 {
180 return new FlowMass(this.si() * v.si(), FlowMass.Unit.SI);
181 }
182
183 /**
184 * Calculate the division of Mass and Density, which results in a Volume scalar.
185 * @param v scalar
186 * @return scalar as a division of Mass and Density
187 */
188 public final Volume divide(final Density v)
189 {
190 return new Volume(this.si() / v.si(), Volume.Unit.SI);
191 }
192
193 /**
194 * Calculate the division of Mass and Volume, which results in a Density scalar.
195 * @param v scalar
196 * @return scalar as a division of Mass and Volume
197 */
198 public final Density divide(final Volume v)
199 {
200 return new Density(this.si() / v.si(), Density.Unit.SI);
201 }
202
203 /**
204 * Calculate the multiplication of Mass and Speed, which results in a Momentum scalar.
205 * @param v scalar
206 * @return scalar as a multiplication of Mass and Speed
207 */
208 public final Momentum multiply(final Speed v)
209 {
210 return new Momentum(this.si() * v.si(), Momentum.Unit.SI);
211 }
212
213 /******************************************************************************************************/
214 /********************************************** UNIT CLASS ********************************************/
215 /******************************************************************************************************/
216
217 /**
218 * Mass.Unit encodes the unit of the amount of matter in an object.
219 * <p>
220 * Copyright (c) 2025-2026 Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, the Netherlands. All rights reserved.
221 * See for project information <a href="https://djunits.org" target="_blank">https://djunits.org</a>. The DJUNITS project is
222 * distributed under a <a href="https://djunits.org/docs/license.html" target="_blank">three-clause BSD-style license</a>.
223 * @author Alexander Verbraeck
224 */
225 @SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:constantname")
226 public static class Unit extends AbstractUnit<Mass.Unit, Mass>
227 {
228 /** Constant for pound (lb). */
229 public static final double CONST_LB = 0.45359237;
230
231 /** Constant for ounce. */
232 public static final double CONST_OUNCE = CONST_LB / 16.0;
233
234 /** Constant for short ton. */
235 public static final double CONST_TON_SHORT = 2000.0 * CONST_LB;
236
237 /** Constant for long ton. */
238 public static final double CONST_TON_LONG = 2240.0 * CONST_LB;
239
240 /** The dimensions of mass: kg. */
241 public static final SIUnit SI_UNIT = SIUnit.of("kg");
242
243 /** kilogram. */
244 public static final Mass.Unit kg = new Mass.Unit("kg", "kilogram", 1.0, UnitSystem.SI_BASE);
245
246 /** The SI or BASE unit. */
247 public static final Mass.Unit SI = kg.generateSiPrefixes(true, false);
248
249 /** gram. */
250 public static final Mass.Unit g = Units.resolve(Mass.Unit.class, "g");
251
252 /** microgram. */
253 public static final Mass.Unit mug = Units.resolve(Mass.Unit.class, "mug");
254
255 /** milligram. */
256 public static final Mass.Unit mg = Units.resolve(Mass.Unit.class, "mg");
257
258 /** pound. */
259 public static final Mass.Unit lb = kg.deriveUnit("lb", "pound", CONST_LB, UnitSystem.IMPERIAL);
260
261 /** ounce. */
262 public static final Mass.Unit oz = kg.deriveUnit("oz", "ounce", CONST_OUNCE, UnitSystem.IMPERIAL);
263
264 /** long ton = 2240 lb. */
265 public static final Mass.Unit long_tn = kg.deriveUnit("long tn", "long ton", CONST_TON_LONG, UnitSystem.IMPERIAL);
266
267 /** short ton = 2000 lb. */
268 public static final Mass.Unit sh_tn = kg.deriveUnit("sh tn", "short ton", CONST_TON_SHORT, UnitSystem.US_CUSTOMARY);
269
270 /** metric ton = 1000 kg. */
271 public static final Mass.Unit t = kg.deriveUnit("t", "metric tonne", 1000.0, UnitSystem.SI_ACCEPTED);
272
273 /** metric ton = 1000 kg. */
274 public static final Mass.Unit t_mts = kg.deriveUnit("t(mts)", "tonne", 1000.0, UnitSystem.MTS);
275
276 /** Dalton, according to CODATA 2018. */
277 public static final Mass.Unit Da = kg.deriveUnit("Da", "Dalton", 1.66053906660E-27, UnitSystem.SI_ACCEPTED);
278
279 /** electronvolt = 1.782661907E-36 kg. See http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/Table/allascii.txt. */
280 public static final Mass.Unit eV = kg.deriveUnit("eV", "electronvolt", 1.782661907E-36, UnitSystem.OTHER);
281
282 /** microelectronvolt. */
283 public static final Mass.Unit mueV = eV.deriveUnit("mueV", "\u03BCeV", "microelectronvolt", 1E-6, UnitSystem.OTHER);
284
285 /** millielectronvolt (note, no dash between milli and electron; the SI style guide forbids spaces or hyphens). */
286 public static final Mass.Unit meV = eV.deriveUnit("meV", "millielectronvolt", 1E-3, UnitSystem.OTHER);
287
288 /** kiloelectronvolt. */
289 public static final Mass.Unit keV = eV.deriveUnit("keV", "kiloelectronvolt", 1E3, UnitSystem.OTHER);
290
291 /** megaelectronvolt. */
292 public static final Mass.Unit MeV = eV.deriveUnit("MeV", "megaelectronvolt", 1E6, UnitSystem.OTHER);
293
294 /** gigaelectronvolt. */
295 public static final Mass.Unit GeV = eV.deriveUnit("GeV", "gigaelectronvolt", 1E9, UnitSystem.OTHER);
296
297 /**
298 * Create a new Mass unit.
299 * @param id the id or main abbreviation of the unit
300 * @param name the full name of the unit
301 * @param scaleFactorToBaseUnit the scale factor of the unit to convert it TO the base (SI) unit
302 * @param unitSystem the unit system such as SI or IMPERIAL
303 */
304 public Unit(final String id, final String name, final double scaleFactorToBaseUnit, final UnitSystem unitSystem)
305 {
306 super(id, name, new LinearScale(scaleFactorToBaseUnit), unitSystem);
307 }
308
309 /**
310 * Return a derived unit for this unit, with textual abbreviation(s) and a display abbreviation.
311 * @param textualAbbreviation the textual abbreviation of the unit, which doubles as the id
312 * @param displayAbbreviation the display abbreviation of the unit
313 * @param name the full name of the unit
314 * @param scale the scale to use to convert between this unit and the standard (e.g., SI, BASE) unit
315 * @param unitSystem unit system, e.g. SI or Imperial
316 */
317 public Unit(final String textualAbbreviation, final String displayAbbreviation, final String name, final Scale scale,
318 final UnitSystem unitSystem)
319 {
320 super(textualAbbreviation, displayAbbreviation, name, scale, unitSystem);
321 }
322
323 @Override
324 public SIUnit siUnit()
325 {
326 return SI_UNIT;
327 }
328
329 @Override
330 public Unit getBaseUnit()
331 {
332 return SI;
333 }
334
335 @Override
336 public Mass ofSi(final double si)
337 {
338 return Mass.ofSi(si);
339 }
340
341 @Override
342 public Unit deriveUnit(final String textualAbbreviation, final String displayAbbreviation, final String name,
343 final double scaleFactor, final UnitSystem unitSystem)
344 {
345 if (getScale() instanceof LinearScale ls)
346 {
347 return new Mass.Unit(textualAbbreviation, displayAbbreviation, name,
348 new LinearScale(ls.getScaleFactorToBaseUnit() * scaleFactor), unitSystem);
349 }
350 throw new UnitRuntimeException("Only possible to derive a unit from a unit with a linear scale");
351 }
352
353 }
354 }