1 package org.djunits.quantity;
2
3 import org.djunits.quantity.def.Quantity;
4 import org.djunits.unit.AbstractUnit;
5 import org.djunits.unit.UnitRuntimeException;
6 import org.djunits.unit.Unitless;
7 import org.djunits.unit.Units;
8 import org.djunits.unit.scale.LinearScale;
9 import org.djunits.unit.scale.Scale;
10 import org.djunits.unit.si.SIUnit;
11 import org.djunits.unit.system.UnitSystem;
12
13 /**
14 * Density is mass per unit volume of a substance, measured in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3).
15 * <p>
16 * Copyright (c) 2025-2026 Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, the Netherlands. All rights reserved. See
17 * for project information <a href="https://djunits.org" target="_blank">https://djunits.org</a>. The DJUNITS project is
18 * distributed under a <a href="https://djunits.org/docs/license.html" target="_blank">three-clause BSD-style license</a>.
19 * @author Alexander Verbraeck
20 */
21 public class Density extends Quantity<Density, Density.Unit>
22 {
23 /** Constant with value zero. */
24 public static final Density ZERO = Density.ofSi(0.0);
25
26 /** Constant with value one. */
27 public static final Density ONE = Density.ofSi(1.0);
28
29 /** Constant with value NaN. */
30 @SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:constantname")
31 public static final Density NaN = Density.ofSi(Double.NaN);
32
33 /** Constant with value POSITIVE_INFINITY. */
34 public static final Density POSITIVE_INFINITY = Density.ofSi(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
35
36 /** Constant with value NEGATIVE_INFINITY. */
37 public static final Density NEGATIVE_INFINITY = Density.ofSi(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
38
39 /** Constant with value MAX_VALUE. */
40 public static final Density POS_MAXVALUE = Density.ofSi(Double.MAX_VALUE);
41
42 /** Constant with value -MAX_VALUE. */
43 public static final Density NEG_MAXVALUE = Density.ofSi(-Double.MAX_VALUE);
44
45 /** */
46 private static final long serialVersionUID = 600L;
47
48 /**
49 * Instantiate a Density quantity with a unit.
50 * @param value the value, expressed in the unit
51 * @param unit the unit in which the value is expressed
52 */
53 public Density(final double value, final Density.Unit unit)
54 {
55 super(value, unit);
56 }
57
58 /**
59 * Instantiate a Density quantity with a unit, expressed as a String.
60 * @param value the value, expressed in the unit
61 * @param abbreviation the String abbreviation of the unit in which the value is expressed
62 */
63 public Density(final double value, final String abbreviation)
64 {
65 this(value, Units.resolve(Density.Unit.class, abbreviation));
66 }
67
68 /**
69 * Construct Density quantity.
70 * @param value Scalar from which to construct this instance
71 */
72 public Density(final Density value)
73 {
74 super(value.si(), Density.Unit.SI);
75 setDisplayUnit(value.getDisplayUnit());
76 }
77
78 /**
79 * Return a Density instance based on an SI value.
80 * @param si the si value
81 * @return the Density instance based on an SI value
82 */
83 public static Density ofSi(final double si)
84 {
85 return new Density(si, Density.Unit.SI);
86 }
87
88 @Override
89 public Density instantiate(final double si)
90 {
91 return ofSi(si);
92 }
93
94 @Override
95 public SIUnit siUnit()
96 {
97 return Density.Unit.SI_UNIT;
98 }
99
100 /**
101 * Returns a Density representation of a textual representation of a value with a unit. The String representation that can
102 * be parsed is the double value in the unit, followed by a localized or English abbreviation of the unit. Spaces are
103 * allowed, but not required, between the value and the unit.
104 * @param text the textual representation to parse into a Density
105 * @return the Scalar representation of the value in its unit
106 * @throws IllegalArgumentException when the text cannot be parsed
107 * @throws NullPointerException when the text argument is null
108 */
109 public static Density valueOf(final String text)
110 {
111 return Quantity.valueOf(text, ZERO);
112 }
113
114 /**
115 * Returns a Density based on a value and the textual representation of the unit, which can be localized.
116 * @param value the value to use
117 * @param unitString the textual representation of the unit
118 * @return the Scalar representation of the value in its unit
119 * @throws IllegalArgumentException when the unit cannot be parsed or is incorrect
120 * @throws NullPointerException when the unitString argument is null
121 */
122 public static Density of(final double value, final String unitString)
123 {
124 return Quantity.of(value, unitString, ZERO);
125 }
126
127 /**
128 * Calculate the division of Density and Density, which results in a Dimensionless quantity.
129 * @param v quantity
130 * @return quantity as a division of Density and Density
131 */
132 public final Dimensionless divide(final Density v)
133 {
134 return new Dimensionless(this.si() / v.si(), Unitless.BASE);
135 }
136
137 /**
138 * Calculate the multiplication of Density and Volume, which results in a Mass scalar.
139 * @param v scalar
140 * @return scalar as a multiplication of Density and Volume
141 */
142 public final Mass multiply(final Volume v)
143 {
144 return new Mass(this.si() * v.si(), Mass.Unit.SI);
145 }
146
147 /**
148 * Calculate the multiplication of Density and FlowVolume, which results in a FlowMass scalar.
149 * @param v scalar
150 * @return scalar as a multiplication of Density and FlowVolume
151 */
152 public final FlowMass multiply(final FlowVolume v)
153 {
154 return new FlowMass(this.si() * v.si(), FlowMass.Unit.SI);
155 }
156
157 /******************************************************************************************************/
158 /********************************************** UNIT CLASS ********************************************/
159 /******************************************************************************************************/
160
161 /**
162 * Density.Unit encodes the units of density based on mass per volume.
163 * <p>
164 * Copyright (c) 2025-2026 Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, the Netherlands. All rights reserved.
165 * See for project information <a href="https://djunits.org" target="_blank">https://djunits.org</a>. The DJUNITS project is
166 * distributed under a <a href="https://djunits.org/docs/license.html" target="_blank">three-clause BSD-style license</a>.
167 * @author Alexander Verbraeck
168 */
169 @SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:constantname")
170 public static class Unit extends AbstractUnit<Density.Unit, Density>
171 {
172 /** The dimensions of the absorbed dose: kg/m3. */
173 public static final SIUnit SI_UNIT = SIUnit.of("kg/m3");
174
175 /** kg/m^3. */
176 public static final Density.Unit kg_m3 =
177 new Density.Unit("kg/m3", "kilogram per cubic meter", 1.0, UnitSystem.SI_DERIVED);
178
179 /** The SI or BASE unit. */
180 public static final Density.Unit SI = kg_m3;
181
182 /** g/cm^3. */
183 public static final Density.Unit g_cm3 =
184 kg_m3.deriveUnit("g/cm3", "gram per cubic centimeter", 1.0E3, UnitSystem.SI_DERIVED);
185
186 /**
187 * Create a new Density unit.
188 * @param id the id or main abbreviation of the unit
189 * @param name the full name of the unit
190 * @param scaleFactorToBaseUnit the scale factor of the unit to convert it TO the base (SI) unit
191 * @param unitSystem the unit system such as SI or IMPERIAL
192 */
193 public Unit(final String id, final String name, final double scaleFactorToBaseUnit, final UnitSystem unitSystem)
194 {
195 super(id, name, new LinearScale(scaleFactorToBaseUnit), unitSystem);
196 }
197
198 /**
199 * Return a derived unit for this unit, with textual abbreviation(s) and a display abbreviation.
200 * @param textualAbbreviation the textual abbreviation of the unit, which doubles as the id
201 * @param displayAbbreviation the display abbreviation of the unit
202 * @param name the full name of the unit
203 * @param scale the scale to use to convert between this unit and the standard (e.g., SI, BASE) unit
204 * @param unitSystem unit system, e.g. SI or Imperial
205 */
206 public Unit(final String textualAbbreviation, final String displayAbbreviation, final String name, final Scale scale,
207 final UnitSystem unitSystem)
208 {
209 super(textualAbbreviation, displayAbbreviation, name, scale, unitSystem);
210 }
211
212 @Override
213 public SIUnit siUnit()
214 {
215 return SI_UNIT;
216 }
217
218 @Override
219 public Unit getBaseUnit()
220 {
221 return SI;
222 }
223
224 @Override
225 public Density ofSi(final double si)
226 {
227 return Density.ofSi(si);
228 }
229
230 @Override
231 public Unit deriveUnit(final String textualAbbreviation, final String displayAbbreviation, final String name,
232 final double scaleFactor, final UnitSystem unitSystem)
233 {
234 if (getScale() instanceof LinearScale ls)
235 {
236 return new Density.Unit(textualAbbreviation, displayAbbreviation, name,
237 new LinearScale(ls.getScaleFactorToBaseUnit() * scaleFactor), unitSystem);
238 }
239 throw new UnitRuntimeException("Only possible to derive a unit from a unit with a linear scale");
240 }
241
242 }
243 }