org.djunits.vecmat.d3.Matrix3x3<Q,U>

Type Parameters:: Q - the quantity type; U - the unit type

All Implemented Interfaces:: Serializable, Additive<Matrix3x3<Q,U>>, Scalable<Matrix3x3<Q,U>>, Value<U,Matrix3x3<Q,U>>, Hadamard<Matrix3x3<?,?>,Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>>

public class Matrix3x3<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>> extends SquareDenseMatrix<Q,U,Matrix3x3<Q,U>,Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>,Matrix3x3<?,?>>

Matrix3x3 implements a matrix with 3x3 real-valued entries. The matrix is immutable, except for the display unit, which can be changed.

Copyright (c) 2025-2026 Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, the Netherlands. All rights reserved. See for project information https://djunits.org. The DJUNITS project is distributed under a three-clause BSD-style license.

Author:

Alexander Verbraeck

See Also:

Serialized Form

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Modifier

Constructor

Description

protected

Matrix3x3(double[] arrayInUnit, U displayUnit)

Create a new Matrix3x3 with a unit.
Method Summary

Modifier and Type

Method

Description

Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>

adjugate()

Return the adjugate (classical adjoint) matrix for this matrix, often denoted as adj(M).

<TQ extends Quantity<TQ, TU>, TU extends UnitInterface<TU, TQ>> Matrix3x3<TQ,TU>

as(TU targetUnit)

Return the matrix 'as' a matrix with a known quantity, using a unit to express the result in.

Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>

divideElements(Matrix3x3<?,?> other)

Divide the elements of this vector, matrix or table on an element-by-element basis with those of another collection of the same type (but possibly representing another quantity).

Vector3.Col<Q,U>

getColumnVector(int col)

Return a quantity column (0-based) from the vector or matrix.

Vector3.Col<Q,U>

getDiagonalVector()

Retrieve the main diagonal of the matrix as a column vector.

Vector3.Row<Q,U>

getRowVector(int row)

Return a quantity row (0-based) from the vector or matrix.

Matrix3x3<Q,U>

instantiateSi(double[] siNew)

Return a new vector or matrix with the given SI or BASE values.

Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>

instantiateSi(double[] siNew, SIUnit siUnit)

Return a new vector or matrix in SI-units with the given SI or BASE values.

Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>

inverse()

Return the inverse of the square matrix, if the matrix is non-singular.

Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>

invertElements()

Invert the vector, matrix or table on an element-by-element basis.

Vector3.Col<Q,U>

mgetColumnVector(int mCol)

Return a quantity column (1-based) from the vector or matrix.

Vector3.Row<Q,U>

mgetRowVector(int mRow)

Return a quantity row (1-based) from the vector or matrix.

Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>

multiply(Matrix3x3<?,?> otherMat)

Multiply this matrix with another matrix using matrix multiplication and return the result.

Vector3.Col<SIQuantity,SIUnit>

multiply(Vector3.Col<?,?> otherVec)

Multiply this matrix with a column vector, resulting in a column vector.

Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>

multiplyElements(Quantity<?,?> quantity)

Multiply the elements of this vector, matrix or table by the given quantity.

Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>

multiplyElements(Matrix3x3<?,?> other)

Multiply the elements of this vector, matrix or table on an element-by-element basis with those of another collection of the same type (but possibly representing another quantity).

static <Q extends Quantity<Q, U>, U extends UnitInterface<U, Q>> Matrix3x3<Q,U>

of(double[][] gridInUnit, U displayUnit)

Create a new Matrix3x3 with a unit, based on a 2-dimensional grid.

static <Q extends Quantity<Q, U>, U extends UnitInterface<U, Q>> Matrix3x3<Q,U>

of(double[] arrayInUnit, U displayUnit)

Create a new Matrix3x3 with a unit, based on a 1-dimensional array.

Methods inherited from class org.djunits.vecmat.def.SquareDenseMatrix
cols, equals, getColumnSi, getRowSi, hashCode, rows, si, si

Methods inherited from class org.djunits.vecmat.def.SquareMatrix
determinant, determinantScalar, getDiagonalScalars, getDiagonalSi, isSkewSymmetric, isSkewSymmetric, isSymmetric, isSymmetric, normFrobenius, order, trace, transpose

Methods inherited from class org.djunits.vecmat.def.Matrix
checkMultiply, checkMultiply, multiply

Methods inherited from class org.djunits.vecmat.def.VectorMatrix
abs, add, add, asMatrixNxM, asQuantityTable, checkCol, checkRow, divideElements, get, getColumnScalars, getDisplayUnit, getRowScalars, getScalarGrid, isRelative, max, mcheckCol, mcheckRow, mean, median, mget, mgetColumnScalars, mgetColumnSi, mgetRowScalars, mgetRowSi, min, mode, msi, multiplyElements, negate, scaleBy, setDisplayUnit, subtract, subtract, sum, toString, toString

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Methods inherited from interface org.djunits.vecmat.operations.Hadamard
divideElements

Methods inherited from interface org.djunits.value.Scalable
divideBy

Methods inherited from interface org.djunits.value.Value
isAbsolute, setDisplayUnit

Constructor Details
- Matrix3x3
  
  protected Matrix3x3(double[] arrayInUnit, U displayUnit)
  
  Create a new Matrix3x3 with a unit.
  
  Parameters:
  
  arrayInUnit - the matrix values [a11, a12, a13, a21, a22, a23, a31, a32, a33] expressed in the display unit
  
  displayUnit - the display unit to use
Method Details
- of
  
  public static <Q extends Quantity<Q, U>, U extends UnitInterface<U, Q>> Matrix3x3<Q,U> of(double[] arrayInUnit, U displayUnit)
  
  Create a new Matrix3x3 with a unit, based on a 1-dimensional array.
  Implementation Note: the condition is also checked by super() but the fail fast approach is used here
  
  Type Parameters:
  
  Q - the quantity type
  
  U - the unit type
  
  Parameters:
  
  arrayInUnit - the matrix values {a11, a12, 13, ..., a31, a32, a33} expressed in the display unit
  
  displayUnit - the display unit to use
  
  Returns:
  
  a new Matrix3x3 with a unit
  
  Throws:
  
  IllegalArgumentException - when valueArray does not contain 3x3 = 9 values
- of
  
  public static <Q extends Quantity<Q, U>, U extends UnitInterface<U, Q>> Matrix3x3<Q,U> of(double[][] gridInUnit, U displayUnit)
  
  Create a new Matrix3x3 with a unit, based on a 2-dimensional grid.
  
  Type Parameters:
  
  Q - the quantity type
  
  U - the unit type
  
  Parameters:
  
  gridInUnit - the matrix values {{a11, a12, a13}, ..., {a31, a32, a33}} expressed in the display unit
  
  displayUnit - the display unit to use
  
  Returns:
  
  a new Matrix3x3 with a unit
- instantiateSi
  
  public Matrix3x3<Q,U> instantiateSi(double[] siNew)
  
  Description copied from class: VectorMatrix
  
  Return a new vector or matrix with the given SI or BASE values.
  
  Specified by:
  
  instantiateSi in class VectorMatrix<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>,Matrix3x3<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>,Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>,Matrix3x3<?,?>>
  
  Parameters:
  
  siNew - the values for the new vector or matrix in row-major format
  
  Returns:
  
  a new matrix with the provided SI or BASE values
- instantiateSi
  
  public Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit> instantiateSi(double[] siNew, SIUnit siUnit)
  
  Description copied from class: VectorMatrix
  
  Return a new vector or matrix in SI-units with the given SI or BASE values.
  
  Specified by:
  
  instantiateSi in class VectorMatrix<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>,Matrix3x3<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>,Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>,Matrix3x3<?,?>>
  
  Parameters:
  
  siNew - the values for the new vector or matrix in row-major format
  
  siUnit - the new unit for the new vector or matrix
  
  Returns:
  
  a new matrix with the provided SI or BASE values
- getRowVector
  
  public Vector3.Row<Q,U> getRowVector(int row)
  
  Description copied from class: VectorMatrix
  
  Return a quantity row (0-based) from the vector or matrix. Note that the specific vector to return can be tightened by the implementing class.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getRowVector in class VectorMatrix<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>,Matrix3x3<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>,Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>,Matrix3x3<?,?>>
  
  Parameters:
  
  row - the row number to retrieve (0-based)
  
  Returns:
  
  a row vector with the data at the given row
- mgetRowVector
  
  public Vector3.Row<Q,U> mgetRowVector(int mRow)
  
  Description copied from class: VectorMatrix
  
  Return a quantity row (1-based) from the vector or matrix. Note that the specific vector to return can be tightened by the implementing class.
  
  Specified by:
  
  mgetRowVector in class VectorMatrix<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>,Matrix3x3<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>,Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>,Matrix3x3<?,?>>
  
  Parameters:
  
  mRow - the row number to retrieve (1-based)
  
  Returns:
  
  a row vector with the data at the given row
- getColumnVector
  
  public Vector3.Col<Q,U> getColumnVector(int col)
  
  Description copied from class: VectorMatrix
  
  Return a quantity column (0-based) from the vector or matrix. Note that the specific vector to return can be tightened by the implementing class.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getColumnVector in class VectorMatrix<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>,Matrix3x3<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>,Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>,Matrix3x3<?,?>>
  
  Parameters:
  
  col - the column number to retrieve (0-based)
  
  Returns:
  
  a column vector with the data at the given column
- mgetColumnVector
  
  public Vector3.Col<Q,U> mgetColumnVector(int mCol)
  
  Description copied from class: VectorMatrix
  
  Return a quantity column (1-based) from the vector or matrix. Note that the specific vector to return can be tightened by the implementing class.
  
  Specified by:
  
  mgetColumnVector in class VectorMatrix<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>,Matrix3x3<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>,Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>,Matrix3x3<?,?>>
  
  Parameters:
  
  mCol - the column number to retrieve (1-based)
  
  Returns:
  
  a column vector with the data at the given column
- getDiagonalVector
  
  public Vector3.Col<Q,U> getDiagonalVector() throws IllegalStateException
  
  Description copied from class: SquareMatrix
  
  Retrieve the main diagonal of the matrix as a column vector.
  
  Specified by:
  
  getDiagonalVector in class SquareMatrix<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>,Matrix3x3<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>,Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>,Matrix3x3<?,?>>
  
  Returns:
  
  the main diagonal as a Vector
  
  Throws:
  
  IllegalStateException
- inverse
  
  public Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit> inverse() throws NonInvertibleMatrixException
  
  Description copied from class: SquareMatrix
  
  Return the inverse of the square matrix, if the matrix is non-singular. The unit of the matrix is U^(-1).
  
  Specified by:
  
  inverse in class SquareMatrix<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>,Matrix3x3<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>,Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>,Matrix3x3<?,?>>
  
  Returns:
  
  the inverse of the square matrix, if the matrix is non-singular
  
  Throws:
  
  NonInvertibleMatrixException - when the matrix is singular or cannot be inverted
- adjugate
  
  public Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit> adjugate()
  
  Description copied from class: SquareMatrix
  
  Return the adjugate (classical adjoint) matrix for this matrix, often denoted as adj(M). The unit of adj(M) is U^(n-1) where n is the order of the matrix.
  
  Specified by:
  
  adjugate in class SquareMatrix<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>,Matrix3x3<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>,Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>,Matrix3x3<?,?>>
  
  Returns:
  
  the adjugate (classical adjoint) matrix
- invertElements
  
  public Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit> invertElements()
  
  Description copied from interface: Hadamard
  
  Invert the vector, matrix or table on an element-by-element basis.
  
  Specified by:
  
  invertElements in interface Hadamard<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>
  
  Overrides:
  
  invertElements in class VectorMatrix<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>,Matrix3x3<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>,Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>,Matrix3x3<?,?>>
  
  Returns:
  
  a vector, matrix or table with an element-by-element inversion (1/value) of the elements
- multiplyElements
  
  public Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit> multiplyElements(Matrix3x3<?,?> other)
  
  Description copied from interface: Hadamard
  
  Multiply the elements of this vector, matrix or table on an element-by-element basis with those of another collection of the same type (but possibly representing another quantity).
  
  Specified by:
  
  multiplyElements in interface Hadamard<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>
  
  Overrides:
  
  multiplyElements in class VectorMatrix<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>,Matrix3x3<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>,Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>,Matrix3x3<?,?>>
  
  Parameters:
  
  other - the other collection of the same type
  
  Returns:
  
  a vector, matrix or table with an element-by-element multiplication of its elements
- divideElements
  
  public Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit> divideElements(Matrix3x3<?,?> other)
  
  Description copied from interface: Hadamard
  
  Divide the elements of this vector, matrix or table on an element-by-element basis with those of another collection of the same type (but possibly representing another quantity).
  
  Specified by:
  
  divideElements in interface Hadamard<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>
  
  Overrides:
  
  divideElements in class VectorMatrix<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>,Matrix3x3<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>,Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>,Matrix3x3<?,?>>
  
  Parameters:
  
  other - the other collection of the same type
  
  Returns:
  
  a vector, matrix or table with an element-by-element division of this collection's elements and other's elements
- multiply
  
  public Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit> multiply(Matrix3x3<?,?> otherMat)
  
  Multiply this matrix with another matrix using matrix multiplication and return the result.
  
  Parameters:
  
  otherMat - the matrix to multiply with.
  
  Returns:
  
  the matrix from the multiplication with the correct unit
- multiply
  
  public Vector3.Col<SIQuantity,SIUnit> multiply(Vector3.Col<?,?> otherVec)
  
  Multiply this matrix with a column vector, resulting in a column vector.
  
  Parameters:
  
  otherVec - the column vector to multiply with
  
  Returns:
  
  the resulting vector from the multiplication
- multiplyElements
  
  public Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit> multiplyElements(Quantity<?,?> quantity)
  
  Description copied from interface: Hadamard
  
  Multiply the elements of this vector, matrix or table by the given quantity.
  
  Specified by:
  
  multiplyElements in interface Hadamard<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>
  
  Overrides:
  
  multiplyElements in class VectorMatrix<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>,Matrix3x3<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>,Matrix3x3<SIQuantity,SIUnit>,Matrix3x3<?,?>>
  
  Parameters:
  
  quantity - the scalar quantity to multiply by
  
  Returns:
  
  a vector, matrix or table where the elements have been multiplied by the given quantity
- as
  
  public <TQ extends Quantity<TQ, TU>, TU extends UnitInterface<TU, TQ>> Matrix3x3<TQ,TU> as(TU targetUnit) throws IllegalArgumentException
  
  Return the matrix 'as' a matrix with a known quantity, using a unit to express the result in. Throw a Runtime exception when the SI units of this vector and the target vector do not match.
  
  Type Parameters:
  
  TQ - target quantity type
  
  TU - target unit type
  
  Parameters:
  
  targetUnit - the unit to convert the matrix to
  
  Returns:
  
  a matrix typed in the target matrix class
  
  Throws:
  
  IllegalArgumentException - when the units do not match

Class Matrix3x3<Q extends Quantity<Q,U>,U extends UnitInterface<U,Q>>

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class org.djunits.vecmat.def.SquareDenseMatrix

Methods inherited from class org.djunits.vecmat.def.SquareMatrix

Methods inherited from class org.djunits.vecmat.def.Matrix

Methods inherited from class org.djunits.vecmat.def.VectorMatrix

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Methods inherited from interface org.djunits.vecmat.operations.Hadamard

Methods inherited from interface org.djunits.value.Scalable

Methods inherited from interface org.djunits.value.Value

Constructor Details

Matrix3x3

Method Details

of

of

instantiateSi

instantiateSi

getRowVector

mgetRowVector

getColumnVector

mgetColumnVector

getDiagonalVector

inverse

adjugate

invertElements

multiplyElements

divideElements

multiply

multiply

multiplyElements

as